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"Today, we both need to work to prevent the breakdown moment when guardrails against nuclear catastrophe evaporate, and be prepared to seize the breakthrough moment, when we can advance again in the direction of the security of a world free of nuclear weapons."
—ACA Board Chair, Tom Countryman, June 2024
After more than a decade of intermittent negotiations, the U.S.-Saudi nuclear cooperation agreement is now finalized and in the hands of Congress. During the mandated 90-day review, members of Congress have a critical opportunity to assess the proliferation risks posed by the Saudi agreement and act to approve, modify, or disapprove it.
The June 2026 Islamabad memorandum of understanding to halt the U.S.-Israeli war against Iran and reopen the Strait of Hormuz is a flawed but welcome development. This interim agreement aims to halt a misbegotten conflict that has killed thousands of people, disrupted the global economy, and failed to address the proliferation risk posed by Iran’s nuclear program, which cannot be bombed away.
U.S. President Donald Trump continues to allege, without evidence, that Iran’s nuclear program posed an imminent threat to the United States. The following are answers to frequently asked questions about Iran’s proliferation risk and nuclear security issues.
For several decades, the United States and other advanced nuclear states have worked cooperatively to prevent the spread of nuclear weapons and the technologies and materials that can be used to produce them. However, the Trump administration is reversing course in a July 2026 nuclear cooperation agreement with Saudi Arabia that could allow them to enrich their own uranium.