The CTB Treaty: Signatories and Ratifiers

The Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty (CTBT) was opened for signature at the United Nations on September 24, 1996. President Clinton was the first to sign the treaty that day, followed by the representatives of 70 other nations, including Britain, France, Russia and China. To date, 155 states have signed the CTBT and 51 have ratified.

The CTBT will formally enter into force after 44 nuclear-capable states, specified in Annex 2 of the treaty, have deposited their instruments of ratification with the secretary-general of the United Nations. Those 44 states include the five declared nuclear powers, India, Israel, Pakistan and 36 other states that are recognized by the International Atomic Energy Agency as possessing nuclear power and/or research reactors.

The near-term prospects for entry into force were dealt a severe blow October 13 when the United States Senate voted against ratification of the treaty, prompting harsh international criticism and raising fears that some states might resume nuclear testing. (See press conference, and news article.) The vote came just days after states that have already ratified the CTBT held a conference in Vienna to consider measures to bring the treaty into force.

Of the 44 specified nations, all except India, Pakistan and North Korea have signed, but only 26 have ratified the treaty. Britain and France are the only declared nuclear-weapon states to have ratified. The following chart identifies the Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty's signatories and ratifiers as of October 31, 1999. States whose ratification is required for entry into force are in bold.

Country	Signature	Ratification
Albania	9/27/96
Algeria	10/15/96
Andorra	9/24/96
Angola	9/27/96
Antigua and Barbuda	4/16/97
Argentina	9/24/96	12/4/98
Armenia	10/1/96
Australia	9/24/96	7/9/98
Austria	9/24/96	3/13/98
Azerbaijan	7/28/97	2/2/99
Bahrain	9/24/96
Bangladesh	10/24/96
Belarus	9/24/96
Belgium	9/24/96	6/29/99
Benin	9/27/96
Bolivia	9/24/96	10/4/99

Country	Signature	Ratification
Bosnia and Herzegovina	9/24/96
Brazil	9/24/96	7/24/99
Brunei Darussalem	1/22/97
Bulgaria	9/24/96	9/29/99
Burkina Faso	9/27/96
Burundi	9/24/96
Cambodia	9/26/96
Canada	9/24/96	12/18/98
Cape Verde	10/1/96
Chad	10/8/96
Chile	9/24/96
China	9/24/96
Colombia	9/24/96
Comoros	12/12/96
Congo	2/11/97
Congo Republic	10/4/96
Cook Islands	12/5/97
Costa Rica	9/24/96
Cote d'Ivoire	9/25/96
Croatia	9/24/96
Cyprus	9/24/96
Czech Republic	11/12/96	9/11/97
Denmark	9/24/96	12/21/98
Djibouti	10/21/96
Dominican Republic	10/3/96
Ecuador	9/24/96
Egypt	10/14/96
El Salvador	9/24/96	9/11/98
Equatorial Guinea	10/9/96
Estonia	11/20/96	8/13/98

Country	Signature	Ratification
Ethiopia	9/25/96
Fiji	9/24/96	10/10/96
Finland	9/24/96	1/15/99
France	9/24/96	4/6/98
Gabon	10/7/96
Georgia	9/24/96
Germany	9/24/96	8/20/98
Ghana	10/3/96
Greece	9/24/96	4/21/99
Grenada	10/10/96	8/19/98
Guatemala	9/20/99
Guinea	10/3/96
Guinea-Bissau	4/11/97
Haiti	9/24/96
Holy See	9/24/96
Honduras	9/25/96
Hungary	9/25/96	7/13/99
Iceland	9/24/96
Indonesia	9/24/96
India
Indonesia	9/24/96
Iran	9/24/96
Ireland	9/24/96	7/15/99
Israel	9/25/96
Italy	9/24/96	2/1/99
Jamaica	11/11/96
Japan	9/24/96	7/8/97
Jordan	9/26/96	8/25/98
Kazakhstan	9/30/96
Kenya	11/14/96
Kuwait	9/24/96
Kyrgyzstan	10/8/96
Laos	7/30/97

Country	Signature	Ratification
Latvia	9/24/96
Lesotho	9/30/96	9/14/99
Liberia	10/1/96
Liechtenstein	9/27/96
Lithuania	10/7/96
Luxembourg	9/24/96	5/26/99
Macedonia	10/29/98
Madagascar	10/9/96
Malawi	10/9/96
Malaysia	7/23/98
Maldives	10/1/97
Mali	2/18/97	8/4/99
Malta	9/24/96
Marshall Islands	9/24/96
Mauritania	9/24/96
Mexico	9/24/96	10/5/99
Micronesia	9/24/96	7/25/97
Moldova	9/24/97
Monaco	10/1/96	12/18/98
Mongolia	10/1/96	8/8/97
Morocco	9/24/96
Mozambique	9/26/96
Myanmar (Burma)	11/25/96
Namibia	9/24/96
Nepal	10/8/96
Netherlands	9/24/96	3/23/99
New Zealand	9/27/96	3/19/99
Nicaragua	9/24/96
Niger	10/3/96
North Korea
Norway	9/24/96	7/15/99
Oman	9/23/99

Country	Signature	Ratification
Pakistan
Panama	9/24/96
Papua New Guinea	9/25/96
Paraguay	9/25/96
Peru	9/25/96	11/12/97
Philippines	9/24/96
Poland	9/24/96	5/25/99
Portugal	9/24/96
Qatar	9/24/96	3/3/97
Romania	9/24/96	10/5/99
Russia	9/24/96
Saint Lucia	10/4/96
Samoa	10/9/96
San Marino	10/7/96
Sao Tome and Principe	9/26/96
Senegal	9/26/96	6/9/99
Seychelles	9/24/96
Singapore	1/14/99
Slovakia	9/30/96	3/3/98
Slovenia	9/24/96	8/31/99
Solomon Islands	10/3/96
South Africa	9/24/96	3/30/99
South Korea	9/24/96	9/24/99
Spain	9/24/96	7/31/98
Sri Lanka	10/24/96
Suriname	1/14/97
Swaziland	9/24/96
Sweden	9/24/96	12/2/98
Switzerland	9/24/96	10/1/99
Tajikistan	10/7/96	6/10/98

Country	Signature	Ratification
Thailand	11/12/96
Togo	10/2/96
Tunisia	10/16/96
Turkey	9/24/96
Turkmenistan	9/24/96	2/20/98
Uganda	11/7/96
Ukraine	9/27/96
United Arab Emirates	9/25/96
United Kingdom	9/24/96	4/6/98
United States	9/24/96
Uruguay	9/24/96
Uzbekistan	10/3/96	5/29/97
Vanuatu	9/24/96
Venezuela	10/3/96
Vietnam	9/24/96
Yemen	9/30/96
Zambia	12/3/96
Zimbabwe	10/13/99